the battle of the coral sea in 1942 quizlet

Takagi elected to take his carriers 120nmi (140mi; 220km) north during the night so he could concentrate his morning search to the west and south and ensure that his carriers could provide better protection for the invasion convoy. Lexington's TBDs missed Shkaku with all 11 of their torpedoes. As the invasion convoy reversed course, it was bombed by eight U.S. Army B-17s, but was not damaged. To prevent this from occurring, the U.S. chose Tulagi and nearby Guadalcanal as the target of their first offensive. USS Lexington during the Battle of the Coral Sea, seen from USS Yorktown, May 8, 1942. Since Yamamoto had decided the decisive battle with the U.S. was to take place at Midway, he should not have diverted any of his important assets, especially fleet carriers, to a secondary operation like MO. Overview. [109] Thus began the Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands campaigns that resulted in a series of attritional, combined-arms battles between Allied and Japanese forces over the next year which, in tandem with the New Guinea campaign, eventually neutralized Japanese defenses in the South Pacific, inflicted irreparable losses on the Japanese militaryespecially its navyand contributed significantly to the Allies' eventual victory over Japan. At about the same time, four Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters from Yorktown intercepted a Kawanishi H6K reconnaissance flying boat from the Yokohama Air Group of the 25th Air Flotilla based at the Shortland Islands and shot it down 11nmi (13mi; 20km) from TF11. [85], That evening, Crace detached Hobart, which was critically low on fuel, and the destroyer Walke, which was having engine trouble, to proceed to Townsville. At 20:00 (1320S 15740E / 13.333S 157.667E / -13.333; 157.667), Hara reversed course to meet Takagi who completed refueling and was now heading in Hara's direction. More significantly, the news informed Fletcher his only nearby available fuel supply was gone. Yorktown, Air Operations of Yorktown Air Group against Japanese Forces in the vicinity of the Louisiade Archipelago on May 8, 1942 (Preliminary), Action Report: USS Yorktown (CV-5), Report of Action of Yorktown and Yorktown Air Group on May 8, 1942, Personal observations of SIMS No.409 disaster, "Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 194245", United States Pacific Fleet: Task Unit Seventeen Two Two, Action Report, Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942, Interrogation Nav No. During the Battle of Coral Sea, what happened on May 7th, 1942? The strike force was under overall command of Lieutenant Commander Kakuichi Takahashi, while Lieutenant Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki led its torpedo bombers. Port Moresby was vital to Allied strategy and its garrison could well have been overwhelmed by the experienced Japanese invasion troops. All of Shh's aircraft complement of 18 was lost, but three of the CAP fighter pilots were able to ditch at Deboyne and survived. Neosho was hit by seven bombs. The U.S. Navy also exaggerated the damage it inflicted, which later caused the press to treat its reports of Midway with more caution. The models indicated the Americans would have suffered slightly less total damage, with one ship sunk but the other unharmed. Finally, at 10:51 Shkaku scout aircrews realized they were mistaken in their identification of the oiler and destroyer as aircraft carriers. Japan began its land offensive towards Port Moresby along the Kokoda Track on 21 July from Buna and Gona. By the end of April, the U.S. was reading up to 85% of the signals broadcast in the Ro code. The two carriers were protected by 16 CAP Zero fighters. . They also sent a carrier force to patrol into the Coral Sea to intercept any American carriers sent to thwart their planned attack. Although Got's force included the light carrier Shh, Nielsen thought that he saw two cruisers and four destroyers and thus the main fleet. [27], On the morning of 1 May, TF17 and TF11 united about 300nmi (350mi; 560km) northwest of New Caledonia (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}1616S 16220E / 16.267S 162.333E / -16.267; 162.333). Who was the Battle between? In the ensuing aerial duels, three SBDs and three Wildcats for the U.S., and three torpedo bombers, one dive bomber, and one Zero for the Japanese were downed. The British passed the message to the U.S., along with their conclusion that Port Moresby was the likely target of MO. Further operations against Fiji, Samoa and New Caledonia (Operation FS) were to be planned once Mo and RY were completed. During the Battle of Dunkirk from May 26 to June 4, 1940, some 338,000 British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk to England as German forces closed in. What was the Japanese plan. Supporting the Tulagi force was the Covering Group with the light carrier Shh, the IJN's four Furutaka /Aoba-class heavy cruisers, and one destroyer, commanded by Rear Admiral Aritomo Got. By contrast, suppose one side had located its opponent early enough to launch a first strike, so that only the opponents survivors could have struck back. To make up aircraft losses from the Coral Sea, three of the four Yorktown squadrons were sent ashore and replaced by squadrons from Saratoga, which had been sent to the West Coast for repairs after being torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. Hara in turn believed Fletcher was south of him and advised Takagi to send the aircraft to search that area. Yorktown reached Pearl the following day. U.S. carrier aircraft numbers by ship the morning of 7 May: The smaller warships included 5 minesweepers, 2 minelayers, 2 subchasers, and 3 gunboats. [24], The Carrier Strike Force, with the carriers Zuikaku and Shkaku, two heavy cruisers, and six destroyers, sortied from Truk on 1 May. The experienced Japanese carrier aircrews performed better than those of the U.S., achieving greater results with an equivalent number of aircraft. [31], On 4 May, from a position 100nmi (120mi; 190km) south of Guadalcanal (1110S 15849E / 11.167S 158.817E / -11.167; 158.817), a total of 60 aircraft from TF17 launched three consecutive strikes against Shima's forces off Tulagi. By 27 April, further signals intelligence confirmed most of the details and targets of the MO and RY plans. A mushroom cloud rises after a heavy explosion on board USS Lexington, 8 May 1942.US Navy. The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time. Taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II, the battle is historically significant as the first naval action in which the opposing fleets neither sighted nor fired upon one another, attacking over the horizon with aircraft carriers instead. Each side readied the rest of its carrier attack aircraft to launch immediately once the enemy was located. [70], At 09:15, the Japanese carriers launched a combined strike of 18 fighters, 33 dive bombers, and 18 torpedo planes, commanded by Takahashi, with Shimazaki again leading the torpedo bombers. At 10:19, Nielsen landed and discovered his coding error. D. saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers. At the same time, Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue, commander of the IJN's Fourth Fleet (also called the South Seas Force) which consisted of most of the naval units in the South Pacific area, advocated the occupation of Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands and Port Moresby in New Guinea, which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese land-based aircraft. Beginning on June 4, 1942, the U.S. fleet, under the command of Admiral Chester Nimitz, defended Midway from Imperial Japanese forces, while launching a withering attack upon the Japanese fleet -. Two minutes later, a Shkaku search plane commanded by Kenz Kanno sighted TF17 and notified Hara. [10], Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet, was concurrently planning an operation for June that he hoped would lure the U.S. Navy's carriers, none of which had been damaged in the Pearl Harbor attack, into a decisive showdown in the central Pacific near Midway Atoll. By 20:00, TF17 and Takagi were about 100nmi (120mi; 190km) apart. Takagi and Hara were determined to attack immediately with a select group of aircraft, minus fighter escort, even though it meant the strike would return after dark. Operating from this base the Japanese would threaten the shipping supply routes to Australia. [61], At 17:47, TF17 operating under thick overcast 200nmi (230mi; 370km) west of Takagi detected the Japanese strike on radar heading in their direction, turned southeast into the wind, and vectored 11 CAP Wildcats, led by Lieutenant Commanders Paul H. Ramsey and James H. Flatley, to intercept. [8], Shortly after the war began, Japan's Naval General Staff recommended an invasion of Northern Australia to prevent Australia from being used as a base to threaten Japan's perimeter defences in the South Pacific. The naval battles that comprised the battle took place off of the northeastern coast of Australia and included the forces of Australia and the United States who took on the Japanese navy. By 14:20, the aircraft were rearmed and ready to launch against the Port Moresby Invasion Force or Got's cruisers. Because of the loss of carrier air cover, Inoue also recalled the Port Moresby invasion fleet. Lieutenant Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki, commanding the Japanese torpedo planes, sent 14 to attack Lexington and four to attack Yorktown. Instead, aircraft launched from carrier decks were sent out to attack the enemy with bombs and torpedoes. Shkaku herself was unable to conduct further aircraft operations, with her flight deck heavily damaged, and she required almost three months of repair in Japan.[99]. A Wildcat shot down one and patrolling SBDs (eight from Yorktown, 15 from Lexington) destroyed three more as the Japanese torpedo planes descended to take attack position. At 07:00, the carrier striking force turned to the southwest and was joined by two of Got's cruisers, Kinugasa and Furutaka, for additional screening support. [25], En route to the Coral Sea, Takagi's carriers were to deliver nine Zero fighter aircraft to Rabaul. Several Japanese aircraft carriers . Two of the dive bombers were shot down by a CAP Wildcat during the attack. After the carrier's survivors were rescued, including Admiral Fitch and the ship's captain, Frederick C. Sherman, at 19:15 the destroyer Phelps fired five torpedoes into the burning ship, which sank in 2,400fathoms at 19:52 (1515S 15535E / 15.250S 155.583E / -15.250; 155.583). ships. Bad weather during two attempts to make the delivery on 23 May compelled the aircraft to return to the carriers, stationed 240nmi (280mi; 440km) from Rabaul, and one of the Zeros was forced to ditch in the sea. In early May 1942, the Japanese despatched an invasion fleet from Rabaul to take Port Moresby, Papua. At the same time, Kamikawa Maru packed up and departed Deboyne. Takagi terminated refueling, headed southeast, and sent scout planes to search east of the Solomons, believing that the U.S. carriers were in that area. TF16 immediately departed but would not reach the South Pacific in time to participate in the battle. Takagi and Hara, confused by the conflicting sighting reports they were receiving, decided to continue with the strike on the ships to their south, but turned their carriers towards the northwest to close the distance with Furutaka's reported contact. TF17 changed course and proceeded at 27kn (31mph; 50km/h) towards Guadalcanal to launch airstrikes against the Japanese forces at Tulagi the next morning. On 34 May, Japanese forces successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several supporting warships were sunk or damaged in a surprise attack by the U.S. carrier Yorktown. Augmenting their search were several floatplanes from Deboyne, four Kawanishi H6Ks from Tulagi, and three Mitsubishi G4M bombers from Rabaul. MacArthur's headquarters radioed Fletcher with reports of the attacks and the locations of the Japanese invasion forces. On the evening of 6 May, the two carrier fleets closed to within 70nmi (81mi; 130km) but did not detect each other in the darkness. [55], Apprised of the loss of Shh, Inoue ordered the invasion convoy to temporarily withdraw to the north and ordered Takagi, at this time located 225nmi (259mi; 417km) east of TF17, to destroy the U.S. carrier forces. Got's cruisers surrounded the carrier in a diamond formation, 3,0005,000yd (2,7004,600m) off each of Shh's corners. Turning Point: The Doolittle Raid, Battle of the Coral Sea, and Battle of Midway focuses on the pivotal Battle of Midway and the events that led up to it, told through oral histories, artifacts and archival photographs and footage. On 8 May, both sides finally located and attacked the other's fleet carriers, with the Japanese fleet carrier Shkaku damaged, the U.S. fleet carrier Lexington critically damaged and later scuttled, and the fleet carrier Yorktown lightly damaged. Two U.S. dive bombers and two CAP Zeros were shot down during the attack. World War Two 1931-1942 Pacific PPTX (71 SLIDES) & 10 Question Assessment W/Key. codebreakers. [36], On 6 May, Fletcher absorbed TF11 and TF44 into TF17. Although Zuikaku was undamaged, she had lost a large number of aircraft in the battle, and the Japanese apparently did not even consider trying to include Zuikaku in the forthcoming operation. For the film, see. By 12:00, the U.S. and Japanese strike groups were on their way back to their respective carriers. E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan. Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan surrendered in August 1945 because the United States? [115] For example, suppose the U.S. carriers had chosen to sail separately (though still nearby), rather than together. At 10:12, Fletcher received a report of an aircraft carrier, ten transports, and 16 warships 30nmi (35mi; 56km) south of Nielsen's sighting at 1035S 15236E / 10.583S 152.600E / -10.583; 152.600. [41], Late on 6 May or early on 7 May, Kamikawa Maru set up a seaplane base in the Deboyne Islands in order to help provide air support for the invasion forces as they approached Port Moresby. Although the battle was a tactical victory for the Japanese in terms of ships sunk, it has been described as a strategic victory for the Allies. Hidden by a rain squall, Zuikaku escaped detection, but Shkaku was hit three times by bombs and was unable to launch or recover her aircraft. 8 May 1942. Japan moves southerly hoping to take control of Southern nations 2. [23], Got's force left Truk on 28 April, cut through the Solomons between Bougainville and Choiseul and took station near New Georgia Island. Seaplanes from Deboyne assisted Takagi in searching for TF17 on the morning of 10 May. [49] Fletcher concluded that the Japanese main carrier force was located and ordered the launch of all available carrier aircraft to attack. Although the damage was estimated to take 90 days to repair, Nimitz gave the shipyard only three days, and only the most critical repairs were made to make the ship seaworthy. The Battle of the Coral Sea ushered a new era in sea warfare. Fletcher was concerned that the locations of the rest of the Japanese fleet carriers were still unknown. Undetected, gasoline vapors spread into surrounding compartments. 8 April 1942 5 may 1956 8 may 1956 Question 2 30 seconds Q. Tulagi and Guadalcanal were four hours flying time from Rabaul, the nearest large Japanese base. Although the withdrawal of Yorktown from the Coral Sea conceded the field, the Japanese were forced to abandon the operation that had initiated the Battle of the Coral Sea in the first place. At 13:00 on 10 May, Takagi concluded that the enemy was gone and decided to turn back towards Rabaul. [44], At 07:22 one of Takagi's carrier scouts, from Shkaku, reported U.S. ships bearing 182 (just west of due south), 163nmi (188mi; 302km) from Takagi. Shima's invasion force departed Rabaul on 30 April. Allied carriers were diverted to the Coral Sea, where the Japanese fleet was attempting to capture Port Moresby on New Guinea's southeastern coast. Critically low on fuel, Takagi's warships spent most of 9 May refueling from the fleet oiler Th Maru. TF17 completed refueling the next day, but TF11 reported that they would not be finished fueling until 4 May. About that same time, the dive bombers that had attacked Neosho returned and landed. Four of the Japanese torpedo planes were shot down by anti-aircraft fire. [45] The Shkaku aircraft actually sighted and misidentified the oiler Neosho and destroyer Sims, which had earlier been detailed away from the fleet to a southern rendezvous point. Believing the Japanese carriers were still well to the north near Bougainville, Fletcher continued to refuel. The invasion convoy, Got, and Kajioka steered towards a rendezvous point 40nmi (46mi; 74km) east of Woodlark Island to await the outcome of the carrier battle. Inoue was especially worried about Allied bombers stationed at air bases in Townsville and Cooktown, Australia, beyond the range of his own bombers, based at Rabaul and Lae. [106], In the meantime, the Allies learned in July that the Japanese had begun building an airfield on Guadalcanal. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) rejected the recommendation, stating that it did not have the forces or shipping capacity available to conduct such an operation. The resulting explosion killed 25 men and started a large fire. The five I-class submarines supporting the MO operation were retasked to support an attack on Sydney Harbour three weeks later as part of a campaign to disrupt Allied supply lines. Phelps and the other assisting warships left immediately to rejoin Yorktown and her escorts, which departed at 16:01, and TF17 retired to the southwest. Since no Allied ships were in that area, the search planes found nothing. [13], Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, the new commander of U.S. forces in the Central Pacific, and his staff discussed the deciphered messages and agreed that the Japanese were likely initiating a major operation in the Southwest Pacific in early May with Port Moresby as the probable target. Choosing his most experienced crews, including Takahashi, Shimazaki and Lieutenant Tamotsu Ema, at 16:15 Hara launched 12 dive bombers and 15 torpedo planes with orders to fly on a heading of 277 to 280nmi (320mi; 520km). [67], At 06:15 on 8 May, from a position 100nmi (120mi; 190km) east of Rossel Island (1025S 1545E / 10.417S 154.083E / -10.417; 154.083), Hara launched seven torpedo bombers to search the area bearing 140230, out to 250nmi (290mi; 460km) from the Japanese carriers. 8, USSBS No. [107], Three months later, on 7 August 1942, 11,000 United States Marines landed on Guadalcanal, and 3,000 U.S. Marines landed on Tulagi and nearby islands. [68], At 06:35, TF17 operating under Fitch's tactical control and positioned 180nmi (210mi; 330km) southeast of the Louisiades, launched 18 SBDs to conduct a 360 search out to 200nmi (230mi; 370km). Later that evening, MacArthur informed Fletcher that eight of his B-17s had attacked the invasion convoy and that it was retiring to the northwest. He concluded, based on the sighting report, TF17 was heading south and increasing the range. Japan planned to use these conquered territories to establish a perimeter defense for its empire from which it expected to employ attritional tactics to defeat or exhaust any Allied counterattacks. Neosho's 17:18 report gave wrong coordinates, which hampered subsequent U.S. rescue efforts to locate the oiler. have adopted this kitten, June 19, 1942, born on a cruiser during the height of the Coral Sea battle. WWII carrier-versus-carrier engagements between American and Japanese naval forces: This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 22:09. Furthermore, Fletcher's ships were under a large, low-hanging overcast which Takagi and Hara felt would make it difficult for their aircraft to find the U.S. carriers. [95], The battle marked the first time that a Japanese invasion force was turned back without achieving its objective, which greatly lifted the morale of the Allies after a series of defeats by the Japanese during the initial six months of the Pacific Theatre. On 13 April, the British deciphered an IJN message informing Inoue that the Fifth Carrier Division, consisting of the fleet carriers Shkaku and Zuikaku, was en route to his command from Formosa via the main IJN base at Truk. Major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II, This article is about the battle. Yorktown skillfully evaded eight . Believing that the B-17's sighting was the main Japanese carrier force (which was in fact well to the east), Fletcher directed the airborne strike force towards this target. Inoue, whose reconnaissance aircraft sighted Crace's ships earlier that day, recalled the invasion convoy to Rabaul, postponed MO to 3 July, and ordered his forces to assemble northeast of the Solomons to begin the RY operation. Alerted to the presence of enemy aircraft carriers, the Japanese fleet carriers advanced towards the Coral Sea to locate and destroy the Allied naval forces. Upon the completion of Mo, the navy planned to initiate Operation RY, using ships released from Mo, to seize Nauru and Ocean Island for their phosphate deposits on 15 May. Another submarine, I-21, which was sent to scout around Nouma, was attacked by Yorktown aircraft on 2 May. TF 11, commanded by Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch and consisting of the carrier Lexington with two cruisers and five destroyers, was between Fiji and New Caledonia. [17], During late April, the Japanese submarines Ro-33 and Ro-34 reconnoitered the area where landings were planned. The submarines investigated Rossel Island and the Deboyne Group anchorage in the Louisiade Archipelago, Jomard Channel, and the route to Port Moresby from the east. In fact, Yorktown had only been damaged, but she had also lost a large number of planes in the battle. In 1942 submarine commander Jeff Conway secretly photographs Japanese aircraft carriers in the Coral Sea but his submarine is damaged and he's forced to surrender. Zuikaku and her escorts turned towards Rabaul while Shkaku headed for Japan. Thus, both carriers would be unable to participate in Yamamoto's upcoming Midway operation. In H. P. Willmot's words, the commanders "had to contend with uncertain and poor communications in situations in which the area of battle had grown far beyond that prescribed by past experience but in which speeds had increased to an even greater extent, thereby compressing decision-making time. Crace overheard radio reports saying the enemy invasion convoy had turned back, but, unaware Fletcher had withdrawn, he remained on patrol with the rest of TG17.3 in the Coral Sea in case the Japanese invasion force resumed its advance towards Port Moresby. Without a hold in New Guinea, the subsequent Allied advance, arduous as it was, would have been even more difficult. [28] Fletcher immediately detached TF11 to refuel from the oiler Tippecanoe, while TF17 refueled from Neosho. In the meantime, having heard nothing from Fletcher, Crace deduced that TF17 had departed the area. The Battle of the Coral Sea, which took place between May 7 and 8, 1942, was one of the important aircraft carrier battles of World War Two's Pacific arena. Fletcher turned TF17 southwest. The Battle of the Coral Sea, which lasted from May 4 to May 8, 1942, came at an unsettling time for the United States, Australia and their allies. Task Force 17 (TF17), commanded by Rear Admiral Fletcher and consisting of the carrier Yorktown, escorted by three cruisers and four destroyers and supported by a replenishment group of two oilers and two destroyers, was already in the South Pacific, having departed Tongatabu on 27 April en route to the Coral Sea. The Japanese did not know the location of the remaining carrier, but did not expect a U.S. carrier response to MO until the operation was well under way. At 15:00, Takagi notified Inoue his fliers had sunk two U.S. carriers Yorktown and a "Saratoga-class" but heavy losses in aircraft meant he could not continue to provide air cover for the invasion. Neosho with Japanese Aircraft on May 7, 1942; Subsequent Loss of U.S.S. [84], Aboard Lexington, damage control parties put out the fires and restored her to operational condition, but at 12:47, sparks from unattended electric motors ignited gasoline fumes near the ship's central control station. What did the Japanese want, in order to install a blockade. In terms of ships lost, the Japanese won a tactical victory by sinking the U.S. fleet carrier Lexington, an oiler, and a destroyer 41,826 long tons (42,497t) versus a light carrier, a destroyer, and several smaller warships 19,000 long tons (19,000t) sunk by the U.S. side. [50], At 09:15, Takahashi's strike force reached its target area, sighted Neosho and Sims, and searched in vain for the U.S. carriers for a couple of hours. Coral Sea started a trend which resulted in the irreparable attrition of Japan's veteran carrier aircrews by the end of October 1942. The U.S. aircraft carriers had slightly larger aircraft complements than the Japanese carriers, which, when combined with the land-based aircraft at Midway, the availability of Yorktown, and the loss of two Japanese carriers, meant that the Japanese Navy and the U.S. Navy would have near parity in aircraft for the impending battle. SIMS (DD-409) by Japanese Bombers in the Coral Sea on May 7, 1942, U.S.S. In order to try to keep to the MO timetable, Takagi was forced to abandon the delivery mission after the second attempt and direct his force towards the Solomon Islands to refuel. The Japanese suffered much higher losses to their carrier aircrews, losing ninety aircrew killed in the battle compared with thirty-five for the U.S. side. [40], At 18:00, TF17 completed fueling and Fletcher detached Neosho with a destroyer, Sims, to take station further south at a prearranged rendezvous (16S 158E / 16S 158E / -16; 158). "[66] Hara later told Yamamoto's chief of staff, Admiral Matome Ugaki, he was so frustrated with the "poor luck" the Japanese experienced on 7 May that he felt like quitting the navy. Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break".Did you mean to use "continue 2"? (Bibliography of Japanese-language sources), South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Pacific Theater aircraft carrier operations during World War II, U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific) 1946, "A Stochastic Salvo Model Analysis of the Battle of the Coral Sea", "Chapter 16: To the Central Pacific and Tarawa, August 1943Background to Galvanic", History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific), "Alternative Endings to the First Aircraft Carrier Battle", "HIJMS Furutaka: Tabular Record of Movement", "HIJMS Submarine I-28: Tabular Record of Movement", "HIJMS Submarine RO-33: Tabular Record of Movement", "HIJMS Submarine RO-34: Tabular Record of Movement", "IJN Seaplane Tender Kiyokawa Maru: Tabular Record of Movement", "IJN Kikuzuki: Tabular Record of Movement", U.S.S.

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