ekpe society cameroon

Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. (1985). Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. [59] According to Rev. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. During his research, Miller has identified many cultural links between Africa and the Americas, particularly between Cuba, Nigeria and Cameroon, which share a common heritage. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. Walt Disney World at 50: The History of Disney's - Disney Matters At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. clothing stores in columbia mall Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. Nsbd: An Indigenous Language of Communication in the Cross River Nigeria Has Never Exercised Rule Over Bakassi Even in Traditional Society [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. The Ekpe Masquerade - SlideShare It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. Nsibidi: The Original Nigerian Writing Script - Culture (3) - Nigeria Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. "[21] Jeffreys assertion regarding Eburutu being a single Ibibio clan is proven false by earlier definitions of Eburutu by Rev. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. According to E.U. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. [69] On the appending of the Ekpe institution to its list of secret societies, the Ekpe society was reformed and adapted to suit the needs of the Efik people. But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the EKPE SOCIETY: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DC EKPE LODGE - Blogger . [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. Sample Translation: The Sacred Language of the Abaku - JSTOR Ivor L. Miller Papers - Amherst College - ArchivesSpace Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . [66] Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. The ekpe society has spawned a large number of Nsbd . Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society orig [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. Although Duke town is believed to have been occupied since the 15th century by the Enwang, it was not until the 17th century that the Efiom Ekpo families moved in large waves to the site. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Hope all is well. PDF Read Free Misiva De Sangre Las Cronicas De Tito Valerio Ner Photo by Eli Bentor. An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. Adire Adire means 'tie and dye' in Yoruba. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. Ekpe society | African secret society | Britannica Among those who migrated with the Ngolo were various other nations who would later become part of the Oroko ethnic group. . Read More mask AHR ~ 125 In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. the Ekpe society. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. ________. PDF The Origin of Ekpe Masquerade and the Nsibidi symbols in Southern The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. Oroko people - Wikipedia Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. After World War II, a movement called the _____ Movement was founded by such writers as Leopold Sedar Senghor and Leon Damas, to support using Western literary forms, while writing in African languages. wikipedia.en/Akpakip_Oro.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en I hope some Man-of-War come sometime with proper captain all same you look out and help we keep word when French Man-of-War come. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources

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